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What is a vps? And how does it work..
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<blockquote data-quote="Gajeel" data-source="post: 136509" data-attributes="member: 7688"><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000"><strong>Virtual private server</strong> (<strong>VPS</strong>) is a term used by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_hosting_service" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">Internet hosting services</span></a> to refer to a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machine" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">virtual machine</span></a>. The term is used for emphasizing that the virtual machine, although running in software on the same physical computer as other customers' virtual machines, is in many respects functionally equivalent to a separate physical computer, is dedicated to the individual customer's needs, has the privacy of a separate physical computer, and can be configured to run server software.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">The terms <strong>virtual root server</strong> (<strong>VRS</strong>) and <strong>virtual dedicated server</strong> (<strong>VDS</strong>) are also used as synonyms of VPS. However, the latter also occasionally indicates that the server does not use burst/shared RAM through multiple machines and may use individual CPU cores. The term <strong>cloud server</strong> is also used to describe the same concept, normally where such systems can be setup and re-configured on the fly.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="font-size: 18px"><strong><span style="font-size: 12px">Contents</span></strong></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align: center"></p> <p style="text-align: center"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 12px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"> <span style="font-size: 11px"> [<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server#" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">hide</span></a>] </span></span></span></span></p> <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server#Virtualization" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">1 Virtualization</span></a></span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server#Uses" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">2 Uses</span></a></span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server#Virtual_private_server_hosting" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">3 Virtual private server hosting</span></a></span><ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server#Unmanaged_hosting" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">3.1 Unmanaged hosting</span></a></span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server#Unmetered_hosting" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">3.2 Unmetered hosting</span></a></span></li> </ul></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server#Virtualization_software" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">4 Virtualization software</span></a></span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server#Cloud_server" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">5 Cloud server</span></a></span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server#See_also" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">6 See also</span></a></span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server#External_links" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">7 External links</span></a></span></li> </ul> <p style="text-align: right"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 13px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><strong>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virtual_private_server&action=edit&section=1" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">edit</span></a>]</strong></span></span></span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="font-size: 18px"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px"><span style="color: #000000">Virtualization</span></span></strong></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">The concept behind server virtualization is a specific example of the same concepts that led to the development of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-sharing" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">time-sharing</span></a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiprogramming" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">multiprogramming</span></a>. Generally, client users tend to ask for computer resources in a "bursty" fashion, demanding fast-as-possible response to requests, but then entering long periods of no activity while they examine the results. During these idle periods, the computer's resources can be used to service requests from other clients. This model makes more efficient use of the computer's resources, reducing the time the system is idle, regardless of user patterns. It also allows the users to share resources, save files on a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_drive" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">hard drive</span></a> or take turns using a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_printer" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">printer</span></a>.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">Virtualization extends this basic concept to the computer as a whole. In the traditional model, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">operating system</span></a> shares access to the resources, but there is still a single machine being shared. In the virtual server model, the virtualization software instead provides the illusion of more than one computer, hard drive, printer, etc. Although the resources are still shared, as under the time-sharing model, virtualization provides a higher level of security as the individual virtual servers are isolated from each other. Each virtual server can run its own full-fledged <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">operating system</span></a> and can be independently rebooted. This is valuable as it allowed businesses to run their legacy applications on older versions of an operating system on the same server as newer applications.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">Partitioning a single server so that it appears as multiple servers has long been common practice on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computer" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">mainframe computers</span></a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini-computer" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">mid-range computers</span></a> such as the IBM AS/400. It has become more prevalent with the development of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">virtualization</span></a> software and technologies for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcomputer" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">microcomputers</span></a>.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 11px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080"><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></span></a></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'">This section requires <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virtual_private_server&action=edit" target="_blank"><span style="color: #663366">expansion</span></a>. <em>(June 2008)</em></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">The physical server typically runs a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisor" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">hypervisor</span></a> which is tasked with creating, releasing, and managing the resources of "guest" operating systems, or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machine" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">virtual machines</span></a>. These guest operating systems are allocated a share of resources of the physical server, typically in a manner in which the guest is not aware of any other physical resources save for those allocated to it by the hypervisor.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">The guest system may be fully <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">virtualized</span></a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paravirtualization" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">paravirtualized</span></a>, or a hybrid of the two.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">In a fully virtualized environment, the guest is presented with an emulated or virtualized set of hardware and is unaware that this hardware is not strictly physical. The hypervisor in this case must translate, map, and convert requests from the guest system into the appropriate resource requests on the host, resulting in significant overhead. Almost all systems can be virtualized using this method, as it requires no modification of the operating system, however a CPU supporting virtualization is required for most hypervisors that perform full virtualization.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">In a paravirtualized environment, the guest is aware of the hypervisor and interfaces directly with the host system's resources, with the hypervisor implementing real-time access control and resource allocation. This results in near-native performance since the guest sees the same hardware as the host and can thus communicate with it natively. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX-like" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">UNIX-like</span></a>systems, such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">Linux</span></a>, some variants of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSD" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">BSD</span></a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_9_from_Bell_Labs" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">Plan 9</span></a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenSolaris" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">OpenSolaris</span></a> are currently known to support this method of virtualization. However, installing operating systems as paravirtualized guests tends to require more knowledge about the operating system in order to have it use special hypervisor-aware <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(computing)" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">kernels</span></a> and devices.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">Some examples of paravirtualization-capable hypervisors are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">Xen</span></a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtuozzo" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">Virtuozzo</span></a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vserver" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">Vserver</span></a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVZ" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">OpenVZ</span></a> (which is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">open source</span></a> and development version of Parallels Virtuozzo Containers).</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">Hybrid or partial paravirtualization, is full virtualization, but in which the guest uses paravirtualized drivers for key components such as networking and disk I/O, resulting in greatly increased I/O performance. As such, it is a common solution for operating systems which cannot be modified (for various reasons) to support paravirtualization.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">One example of a hybrid hypervisor is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">Kernel-based Virtual Machine</span></a>.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: right"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 13px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><strong>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virtual_private_server&action=edit&section=2" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">edit</span></a>]</strong></span></span></span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="font-size: 18px"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px"><span style="color: #000000">Uses</span></span></strong></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">Virtual private servers bridge the gap between <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared_web_hosting_service" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">shared web hosting services</span></a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_hosting_service" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">dedicated hosting services</span></a>, giving independence from other customers of the VPS service in software terms but at less cost than a physical dedicated server. As a VPS runs its own copy of its operating system, customers have <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superuser" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">superuser</span></a>-level access to that operating system instance, and can install almost any software that runs on the OS. Certain software does not run well in a virtualized environment, such as virtualizers themselves; some VPS providers place further restrictions, but they are generally lax compared to those in shared hosting environments. Due to the number of virtualization clients typically running on a single machine, a VPS generally has limited processor time, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_access_memory" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">RAM</span></a>, and disk space.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: right"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 13px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><strong>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virtual_private_server&action=edit&section=3" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">edit</span></a>]</strong></span></span></span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="font-size: 18px"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px"><span style="color: #000000">Virtual private server hosting</span></span></strong></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">A growing number of companies offer virtual private server hosting, or virtual dedicated server hosting as an extension for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_hosting" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">web hosting</span></a> services. There are several challenges to consider when licensing proprietary software in multi-tenant virtual environments.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: right"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 13px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><strong>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virtual_private_server&action=edit&section=4" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">edit</span></a>]</strong></span></span></span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="font-size: 15px"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px"><span style="color: #000000">Unmanaged hosting</span></span></strong></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">The customer is left to administer their own server.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: right"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 13px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><strong>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virtual_private_server&action=edit&section=5" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">edit</span></a>]</strong></span></span></span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="font-size: 15px"><strong><span style="font-size: 17px"><span style="color: #000000">Unmetered hosting</span></span></strong></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">This type of service is generally offered with no limit on the amount of data-transferred on a fixed bandwidth line. Usually, unmetered hosting is offered with 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s or 1000 Mbit/s (with some as high as 10Gbit/s). This means that the customer is theoretically able to use 3.33~ TB on 10 Mbit/s, 33~ TB on 100 Mbit/s and 333~ TB on a 1000 Mbit/s line per month (although in practice the values will be significantly less).</span></span></p><p style="text-align: right"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 13px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><strong>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virtual_private_server&action=edit&section=6" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">edit</span></a>]</strong></span></span></span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="font-size: 18px"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px"><span style="color: #000000">Virtualization software</span></span></strong></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">For some of the software packages commonly used to provide <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_virtualization" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">platform virtualization</span></a>, see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_platform_virtual_machines" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">comparison of platform virtual machines</span></a></span></span></p><p style="text-align: right"><span style="color: #000000"><span style="font-size: 13px"><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><strong>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virtual_private_server&action=edit&section=7" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">edit</span></a>]</strong></span></span></span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="font-size: 18px"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px"><span style="color: #000000">Cloud server</span></span></strong></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">A VPS which is dynamic (that is, it can be changed at runtime) is often referred to as a cloud server. Key attributes for this are:</span></span></p><ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="font-family: 'arial'">Additional hardware resources can be added at runtime (CPU, RAM)</span></li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><span style="font-family: 'arial'">Server can be moved to other hardware while the server is running (automatically according to load in some cases)</span></li> </ul><p><span style="font-family: 'arial'"><span style="color: #000000">See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0b0080">Cloud computing</span></a> for more information.</span></span></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Gajeel, post: 136509, member: 7688"] [FONT=arial][COLOR=#000000][B]Virtual private server[/B] ([B]VPS[/B]) is a term used by [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_hosting_service'][COLOR=#0b0080]Internet hosting services[/COLOR][/URL] to refer to a [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machine'][COLOR=#0b0080]virtual machine[/COLOR][/URL]. The term is used for emphasizing that the virtual machine, although running in software on the same physical computer as other customers' virtual machines, is in many respects functionally equivalent to a separate physical computer, is dedicated to the individual customer's needs, has the privacy of a separate physical computer, and can be configured to run server software.[/COLOR][/FONT] [FONT=arial][COLOR=#000000]The terms [B]virtual root server[/B] ([B]VRS[/B]) and [B]virtual dedicated server[/B] ([B]VDS[/B]) are also used as synonyms of VPS. However, the latter also occasionally indicates that the server does not use burst/shared RAM through multiple machines and may use individual CPU cores. The term [B]cloud server[/B] is also used to describe the same concept, normally where such systems can be setup and re-configured on the fly.[/COLOR][/FONT] [CENTER][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=12px][FONT=arial][SIZE=5][B][SIZE=12px]Contents[/SIZE][/B][/SIZE][/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/CENTER] [CENTER] [/CENTER] [CENTER][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=12px][FONT=arial] [SIZE=11px] [[URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server#'][COLOR=#0b0080]hide[/COLOR][/URL]] [/SIZE][/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/CENTER] [LIST] [*][FONT=arial][URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server#Virtualization'][COLOR=#0b0080]1 Virtualization[/COLOR][/URL][/FONT] [*][FONT=arial][URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server#Uses'][COLOR=#0b0080]2 Uses[/COLOR][/URL][/FONT] [*][FONT=arial][URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server#Virtual_private_server_hosting'][COLOR=#0b0080]3 Virtual private server hosting[/COLOR][/URL][/FONT] [LIST] [*][FONT=arial][URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server#Unmanaged_hosting'][COLOR=#0b0080]3.1 Unmanaged hosting[/COLOR][/URL][/FONT] [*][FONT=arial][URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server#Unmetered_hosting'][COLOR=#0b0080]3.2 Unmetered hosting[/COLOR][/URL][/FONT] [/LIST] [*][FONT=arial][URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server#Virtualization_software'][COLOR=#0b0080]4 Virtualization software[/COLOR][/URL][/FONT] [*][FONT=arial][URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server#Cloud_server'][COLOR=#0b0080]5 Cloud server[/COLOR][/URL][/FONT] [*][FONT=arial][URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server#See_also'][COLOR=#0b0080]6 See also[/COLOR][/URL][/FONT] [*][FONT=arial][URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server#External_links'][COLOR=#0b0080]7 External links[/COLOR][/URL][/FONT] [/LIST] [RIGHT][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=13px][FONT=arial][B][[URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virtual_private_server&action=edit§ion=1'][COLOR=#0b0080]edit[/COLOR][/URL]][/B][/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/RIGHT] [FONT=arial][SIZE=5][B][SIZE=19px][COLOR=#000000]Virtualization[/COLOR][/SIZE][/B][/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=arial][COLOR=#000000]The concept behind server virtualization is a specific example of the same concepts that led to the development of [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-sharing'][COLOR=#0b0080]time-sharing[/COLOR][/URL] and [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiprogramming'][COLOR=#0b0080]multiprogramming[/COLOR][/URL]. Generally, client users tend to ask for computer resources in a "bursty" fashion, demanding fast-as-possible response to requests, but then entering long periods of no activity while they examine the results. During these idle periods, the computer's resources can be used to service requests from other clients. This model makes more efficient use of the computer's resources, reducing the time the system is idle, regardless of user patterns. It also allows the users to share resources, save files on a [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_drive'][COLOR=#0b0080]hard drive[/COLOR][/URL] or take turns using a [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_printer'][COLOR=#0b0080]printer[/COLOR][/URL].[/COLOR][/FONT] [FONT=arial][COLOR=#000000]Virtualization extends this basic concept to the computer as a whole. In the traditional model, the [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system'][COLOR=#0b0080]operating system[/COLOR][/URL] shares access to the resources, but there is still a single machine being shared. In the virtual server model, the virtualization software instead provides the illusion of more than one computer, hard drive, printer, etc. Although the resources are still shared, as under the time-sharing model, virtualization provides a higher level of security as the individual virtual servers are isolated from each other. Each virtual server can run its own full-fledged [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system'][COLOR=#0b0080]operating system[/COLOR][/URL] and can be independently rebooted. This is valuable as it allowed businesses to run their legacy applications on older versions of an operating system on the same server as newer applications.[/COLOR][/FONT] [FONT=arial][COLOR=#000000]Partitioning a single server so that it appears as multiple servers has long been common practice on [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computer'][COLOR=#0b0080]mainframe computers[/COLOR][/URL] and [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini-computer'][COLOR=#0b0080]mid-range computers[/COLOR][/URL] such as the IBM AS/400. It has become more prevalent with the development of [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization'][COLOR=#0b0080]virtualization[/COLOR][/URL] software and technologies for [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcomputer'][COLOR=#0b0080]microcomputers[/COLOR][/URL].[/COLOR][/FONT] [CENTER][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=11px][FONT=arial][URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg'][COLOR=#0b0080][IMG]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png[/IMG][/COLOR][/URL][/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/CENTER] [FONT=arial]This section requires [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virtual_private_server&action=edit'][COLOR=#663366]expansion[/COLOR][/URL]. [I](June 2008)[/I][/FONT] [FONT=arial][COLOR=#000000]The physical server typically runs a [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisor'][COLOR=#0b0080]hypervisor[/COLOR][/URL] which is tasked with creating, releasing, and managing the resources of "guest" operating systems, or [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machine'][COLOR=#0b0080]virtual machines[/COLOR][/URL]. These guest operating systems are allocated a share of resources of the physical server, typically in a manner in which the guest is not aware of any other physical resources save for those allocated to it by the hypervisor.[/COLOR][/FONT] [FONT=arial][COLOR=#000000]The guest system may be fully [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_virtualization'][COLOR=#0b0080]virtualized[/COLOR][/URL], [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paravirtualization'][COLOR=#0b0080]paravirtualized[/COLOR][/URL], or a hybrid of the two.[/COLOR][/FONT] [FONT=arial][COLOR=#000000]In a fully virtualized environment, the guest is presented with an emulated or virtualized set of hardware and is unaware that this hardware is not strictly physical. The hypervisor in this case must translate, map, and convert requests from the guest system into the appropriate resource requests on the host, resulting in significant overhead. Almost all systems can be virtualized using this method, as it requires no modification of the operating system, however a CPU supporting virtualization is required for most hypervisors that perform full virtualization.[/COLOR][/FONT] [FONT=arial][COLOR=#000000]In a paravirtualized environment, the guest is aware of the hypervisor and interfaces directly with the host system's resources, with the hypervisor implementing real-time access control and resource allocation. This results in near-native performance since the guest sees the same hardware as the host and can thus communicate with it natively. [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX-like'][COLOR=#0b0080]UNIX-like[/COLOR][/URL]systems, such as [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux'][COLOR=#0b0080]Linux[/COLOR][/URL], some variants of [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSD'][COLOR=#0b0080]BSD[/COLOR][/URL], [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_9_from_Bell_Labs'][COLOR=#0b0080]Plan 9[/COLOR][/URL], and [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenSolaris'][COLOR=#0b0080]OpenSolaris[/COLOR][/URL] are currently known to support this method of virtualization. However, installing operating systems as paravirtualized guests tends to require more knowledge about the operating system in order to have it use special hypervisor-aware [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(computing)'][COLOR=#0b0080]kernels[/COLOR][/URL] and devices.[/COLOR][/FONT] [FONT=arial][COLOR=#000000]Some examples of paravirtualization-capable hypervisors are [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen'][COLOR=#0b0080]Xen[/COLOR][/URL], [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtuozzo'][COLOR=#0b0080]Virtuozzo[/COLOR][/URL], [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vserver'][COLOR=#0b0080]Vserver[/COLOR][/URL], and [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVZ'][COLOR=#0b0080]OpenVZ[/COLOR][/URL] (which is the [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source'][COLOR=#0b0080]open source[/COLOR][/URL] and development version of Parallels Virtuozzo Containers).[/COLOR][/FONT] [FONT=arial][COLOR=#000000]Hybrid or partial paravirtualization, is full virtualization, but in which the guest uses paravirtualized drivers for key components such as networking and disk I/O, resulting in greatly increased I/O performance. As such, it is a common solution for operating systems which cannot be modified (for various reasons) to support paravirtualization.[/COLOR][/FONT] [FONT=arial][COLOR=#000000]One example of a hybrid hypervisor is [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine'][COLOR=#0b0080]Kernel-based Virtual Machine[/COLOR][/URL].[/COLOR][/FONT] [RIGHT][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=13px][FONT=arial][B][[URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virtual_private_server&action=edit§ion=2'][COLOR=#0b0080]edit[/COLOR][/URL]][/B][/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/RIGHT] [FONT=arial][SIZE=5][B][SIZE=19px][COLOR=#000000]Uses[/COLOR][/SIZE][/B][/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=arial][COLOR=#000000]Virtual private servers bridge the gap between [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared_web_hosting_service'][COLOR=#0b0080]shared web hosting services[/COLOR][/URL] and [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_hosting_service'][COLOR=#0b0080]dedicated hosting services[/COLOR][/URL], giving independence from other customers of the VPS service in software terms but at less cost than a physical dedicated server. As a VPS runs its own copy of its operating system, customers have [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superuser'][COLOR=#0b0080]superuser[/COLOR][/URL]-level access to that operating system instance, and can install almost any software that runs on the OS. Certain software does not run well in a virtualized environment, such as virtualizers themselves; some VPS providers place further restrictions, but they are generally lax compared to those in shared hosting environments. Due to the number of virtualization clients typically running on a single machine, a VPS generally has limited processor time, [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_access_memory'][COLOR=#0b0080]RAM[/COLOR][/URL], and disk space.[/COLOR][/FONT] [RIGHT][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=13px][FONT=arial][B][[URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virtual_private_server&action=edit§ion=3'][COLOR=#0b0080]edit[/COLOR][/URL]][/B][/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/RIGHT] [FONT=arial][SIZE=5][B][SIZE=19px][COLOR=#000000]Virtual private server hosting[/COLOR][/SIZE][/B][/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=arial][COLOR=#000000]A growing number of companies offer virtual private server hosting, or virtual dedicated server hosting as an extension for [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_hosting'][COLOR=#0b0080]web hosting[/COLOR][/URL] services. There are several challenges to consider when licensing proprietary software in multi-tenant virtual environments.[/COLOR][/FONT] [RIGHT][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=13px][FONT=arial][B][[URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virtual_private_server&action=edit§ion=4'][COLOR=#0b0080]edit[/COLOR][/URL]][/B][/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/RIGHT] [FONT=arial][SIZE=4][B][SIZE=17px][COLOR=#000000]Unmanaged hosting[/COLOR][/SIZE][/B][/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=arial][COLOR=#000000]The customer is left to administer their own server.[/COLOR][/FONT] [RIGHT][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=13px][FONT=arial][B][[URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virtual_private_server&action=edit§ion=5'][COLOR=#0b0080]edit[/COLOR][/URL]][/B][/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/RIGHT] [FONT=arial][SIZE=4][B][SIZE=17px][COLOR=#000000]Unmetered hosting[/COLOR][/SIZE][/B][/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=arial][COLOR=#000000]This type of service is generally offered with no limit on the amount of data-transferred on a fixed bandwidth line. Usually, unmetered hosting is offered with 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s or 1000 Mbit/s (with some as high as 10Gbit/s). This means that the customer is theoretically able to use 3.33~ TB on 10 Mbit/s, 33~ TB on 100 Mbit/s and 333~ TB on a 1000 Mbit/s line per month (although in practice the values will be significantly less).[/COLOR][/FONT] [RIGHT][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=13px][FONT=arial][B][[URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virtual_private_server&action=edit§ion=6'][COLOR=#0b0080]edit[/COLOR][/URL]][/B][/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/RIGHT] [FONT=arial][SIZE=5][B][SIZE=19px][COLOR=#000000]Virtualization software[/COLOR][/SIZE][/B][/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=arial][COLOR=#000000]For some of the software packages commonly used to provide [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_virtualization'][COLOR=#0b0080]platform virtualization[/COLOR][/URL], see [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_platform_virtual_machines'][COLOR=#0b0080]comparison of platform virtual machines[/COLOR][/URL][/COLOR][/FONT] [RIGHT][COLOR=#000000][SIZE=13px][FONT=arial][B][[URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virtual_private_server&action=edit§ion=7'][COLOR=#0b0080]edit[/COLOR][/URL]][/B][/FONT][/SIZE][/COLOR][/RIGHT] [FONT=arial][SIZE=5][B][SIZE=19px][COLOR=#000000]Cloud server[/COLOR][/SIZE][/B][/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=arial][COLOR=#000000]A VPS which is dynamic (that is, it can be changed at runtime) is often referred to as a cloud server. Key attributes for this are:[/COLOR][/FONT] [LIST] [*][FONT=arial]Additional hardware resources can be added at runtime (CPU, RAM)[/FONT] [*][FONT=arial]Server can be moved to other hardware while the server is running (automatically according to load in some cases)[/FONT] [/LIST] [FONT=arial][COLOR=#000000]See [URL='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing'][COLOR=#0b0080]Cloud computing[/COLOR][/URL] for more information.[/COLOR][/FONT] [/QUOTE]
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